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Obesity Surgery

Obesity is a complex spectrum of diseases leading to an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is not only of cosmetic concern but also a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.

Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. To determine your body mass index, divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared.

        BMI        WIEGHT STATUS
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 normal
25.0-29.9 overweight
30.0 -34.9 obesity
35-39.9 Severe obesity
40 and more Morbid obesity

 

THE FACTORS CAUSING OBESITY

Family inheritance and influences

Lifestyle choices

  • Unhealthy diet.
  • Liquid calories.
  • Sedentary Lifestyle

Certain diseases and medications

Social and economic issues

Other miscellaneous factors like pregnancy, stress, lack of sleep are also to be blamed.

 

WHY OBESITY SHOULD BE TREATED

As obese people are prone to develop certain morbid health problems which may aggravate their present medical conditions. These medical conditions may also increase risk associated with surgery. These conditions include

  • Heart disease and strokes.
  • Type 2 diabetes.
  • Certain cancers.
  • Digestive problems.
  • Gynaecological and sexual problems.
  • Sleep apnea.
  • Psychological conditions including Depression, social isolation…etc.

 

APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

As we know that, obesity is certainly a morbid condition and the patient needs to be approached in a multidisciplinary way involving Physician, Nutritionist, Psychiatrist, Endocrinologist and cardiologist. It is very essential to improve patient’s morale and to keep the patient motivated with the help of frequent psychological counseling. Nutritionist will help in choosing the proper diet habits to control urge for excessive calories. Physician, cardiologist will evaluate further for presence of medical conditions and try to optimize them. Endocrinologist will investigate further if any endocrinological issues present.  Patient will be motivated to participate in physical activities like running, brisk walking, strengthening exercises and meditations. These activities not only improve patient’s confidence but also help in preventing rebound increase of weight.

 

TYPES OF BARIATRIC SURGERIES DONE AT OUR CENTRE

 

Sleeve Gastrectomy

It is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure where  80% of the stomach is removed leaving behind tube like pouch. It helps in decreasing the desire to eat in two ways, one being reduction in the capacity of stomach and second being decreased secretion of an appetite stimulant hormone called ghrelin.

Advantages of this procedure are significant weight loss, maintaining continuity of intestines.

Fig – sleeve gastrectomy

Roux – en – Y Gastric Bypass

This surgery is done to decrease the size of stomach and to bypass the first part of small intestine. It not only reduces the food intake significantly but also reduces fat absorption. The surgeon cuts the upper part of the stomach and attaches it to mid portion of 2nd part of small intestine to which the continual end of the duodenum will be sewed.

 Biliopancreatic diversion with Duodenal switch

It is a complex procedure reserved for selected patients. It is performed in two stages, first stage is performing gastric sleeve resection and 2nd procedure is connecting the end portion of small intestine to the duodenum bypassing the most part of small intestine.

This surgery not only limits how much you can eat and also reduces the absorption of nutrients. While it is extremely effective, it has greater risk, including malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.

Obesity Surgery FAQ

Literature shows that obesity does run in families. But the most concerning factor is the upbringing of children in the family, food habits, preferences for physical activities. These factors have a bigger influence on the occurrence of obesity rather than genetics.
Although consuming natural sugar at optimum levels will not affect health, the recent surge in excessive consumption of artificial sweeteners, cola drinks which contain high levels of sugars has caused a definite increase in the incidence of obesity.
Our day-to-day factors directly or indirectly predispose us to obesity. Poor sleeping habits, lack of physical activity, excessive stress, binge eating, excess sugar intake are the main factors that increase the incidence of obesity.
“Slow and steady wins the race” always holds good when it comes to weight loss. Keep the aim of not losing more than 1 kg in a week, more than this often leads to undue weakness and fatigue. This can be achieved by increasing physical activities like exercising in the gym, jogging, skipping, and so on, along with a healthy diet. Consult a Physician and Nutritionist to form a healthy diet chart and try to stick to it. Always choose moderate weight loss goals and modify your diet and fitness routine so that it won’t become too restrictive.
Liposuction or body contouring is a cosmetic procedure that removes unwanted excess body fat, not a treatment for obesity. Dieting and physical activity are standard and proven methods to lose weight.
Obesity can lead to many health problems and they are increased blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, stroke, gallbladder related diseases, certain cancers, breathing problems, chronic back pain, and osteoarthritis. Obesity can also affect self-esteem and leads to depression.
It is always healthy to consult a Physician or Surgeon before taking any type of medication. Most of the over-the-counter medications and health supplements are harmful to the body if used irregularly and may interact with other medications causing adverse effects.
If the candidate’s BMI is 35 or more with risk factors and if BMI more than 40 without any risk factors, the Surgeon or Physician may advise for obesity surgery. Also, the candidate’s medical history and determination for weight loss are taken into consideration.